New Orleans is a city in the southern United States, located in the state of Louisiana along the Mississippi River, near its mouth at the Gulf of America. New Orleans ranks among the 50 largest cities in the U.S. and is a major tourist destination, best known for its multicultural heritage, French-influenced architecture, Creole cuisine, and its status as the birthplace of jazz.
The first European explorers to reach this area were the Spanish, who arrived in the 16th century. After a brief period under Spanish control, the territory was taken over by the French, who founded the port city of New Orleans in the early 1700s. Over the following decades, control of the city shifted several times between the French and Spanish empires, until 1803, when the United States purchased the territory from France as part of the Louisiana Purchase.
Following its acquisition by the United States, New Orleans experienced a significant economic boom. By the mid-19th century, the city’s population had grown to around 25,000 residents. Most of the inhabitants at that time were European immigrants, while a large portion of the remaining population consisted of enslaved Africans. Today’s residents are largely descendants of Europeans and Africans, many of whom identify as Creoles, reflecting a rich blending of cultures.
A large part of New Orleans lies below sea level, making it especially vulnerable to flooding. Its proximity to the Gulf—where warm and cold air masses collide—also exposes the city to frequent hurricanes. One of the most devastating events in its history occurred on August 28, 2005, when Hurricane Katrina struck the region. The resulting floods submerged more than 80% of the city, destroyed much of the coastal area, and claimed the lives of 1,836 residents.
New Orleans is universally recognized as the birthplace of jazz. The legendary musician Louis Armstrong was born, lived, and performed here, and today the city’s airport bears his name. Each year, New Orleans hosts a world-famous jazz festival, and in the historic French Quarter, live jazz bands and street musicians can be found on nearly every corner.
Shaped by French, Spanish, and African influences, New Orleans has developed a truly unique character, reflected in its architecture, food, music, and daily life. This rich cultural blend is what draws millions of visitors each year.
The city’s peak tourist season comes in February, during Mardi Gras—the iconic carnival celebrated before the start of Lent in the Catholic tradition. Mardi Gras features colorful parades, elaborate costumes, and citywide celebrations, reaching their most vibrant climax in the French Quarter.